·
OPS (Oracle Parallel Server) was renamed
as RAC
·
CFS (Cluster File System) was
supported
·
OCFS (Oracle Cluster File
System) for Linux and Windows
·
watchdog timer replaced by hangcheck timer
·
Cluster Manager replaced by CRS
·
ASM introduced
·
Concept of Services expanded
·
ocrcheck introduced
·
ocrdump introduced
·
AWR was instance specific
·
CRS was renamed as Clusterware
·
asmcmd introduced
·
CLUVFY introduced
·
OCR and Voting disks can be mirrored
·
Can use FAN/FCF with TAF for OCI and
ODP.NET
·
Oracle 11g R1 RAC
·
Oracle 11g RAC parallel upgrades - Oracle
11g have rolling upgrade features whereby RAC database can be upgraded without
any downtime.
·
Hot patching - Zero downtime patch application.
·
Oracle RAC load balancing advisor
- Starting from 10g R2 we
have RAC load balancing advisor utility. 11g RACload balancing advisor
is only available with clients who use .NET, ODBC, or the Oracle Call Interface
(OCI).
·
ADDM for RAC - Oracle has incorporated RAC
into the automatic database diagnostic monitor, for cross-node advisories. The
script addmrpt.sql run give report for single instance, will not report
all instances in RAC, this is known as instance ADDM. But using the new package
DBMS_ADDM, we can generate report for all instances of RAC, this known as
database ADDM.
·
Optimized RAC cache fusion protocols -
moves on from the general cache fusion protocols in 10g to deal with specific
scenarios where the protocols could be further optimized.
·
Oracle 11g RAC Grid provisioning - The
Oracle grid control provisioning pack allows us to "blow-out" a RAC
node without the time-consuming install, using a pre-installed
"footprint".
·
We can store everything on the ASM.
We can store OCR & voting files also on the ASM.
·
ASMCA
·
Single Client Access Name (SCAN) - eliminates the need to
change tns entry when nodes are added to or removed from the Cluster. RAC
instances register to SCAN listeners as remote listeners. SCAN is fully
qualified name. Oracle recommends assigning 3 addresses to SCAN, which create
three SCAN listeners.
·
Clusterware components: crfmond, crflogd,
GIPCD.
·
AWR is consolidated for the database.
·
11g Release 2 Real Application
Cluster (RAC) has server pooling technologies so it’s easier to provision
and manage database grids. This update is geared toward dynamically adjusting
servers as corporations manage the ebb and flow between data requirements for
datawarehousing and applications.
·
By default, LOAD_BALANCE is ON.
·
GSD (Global Service Deamon), gsdctl introduced.
·
GPnP profile.
·
Cluster information in an XML
profile.
·
Oracle RAC OneNode is a new option that makes it easier to
consolidate databases that aren’t mission critical, but need redundancy.
·
raconeinit - to convert database to RacOneNode.
·
raconefix - to fix RacOneNode database in
case of failure.
·
racone2rac - to convert RacOneNode back to
RAC.
·
Oracle Restart - the feature of Oracle
Grid Infrastructure's High Availability Services (HAS) to manage associated
listeners, ASM instances and Oracle instances.
·
Oracle Omotion - Oracle 11g release2 RAC introduces new
feature called Oracle Omotion, an online migration utility. This Omotion
utility will relocate the instance from one node to another, whenever instance
failure happens.
·
Omotion utility uses Database Area Network
(DAN) to move Oracle instances. Database Area Network (DAN) technology
helps seamless database relocation without losing transactions.
·
Cluster Time Synchronization Service
(CTSS) is a new feature in Oracle 11g R2 RAC, which is used to synchronize time across the nodes of the cluster.
CTSS will be replacement of NTP protocol.
·
Grid Naming Service (GNS) is a new service introduced in Oracle
RAC 11g R2. With GNS, Oracle Clusterware (CRS) can manage Dynamic
Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and DNS services for the dynamic
node registration and configuration.
·
Cluster interconnect: Used for data
blocks, locks, messages, and SCN numbers.
·
Oracle Local Registry (OLR) - From Oracle 11gR2
"Oracle Local Registry (OLR)" something new as part of Oracle
Clusterware. OLR is node’s local repository, similar to OCR (but local) and is
managed by OHASD. It pertains data of local node only and is not shared among
other nodes.
·
Multicasting is introduced in 11gR2 for
private interconnect traffic.
·
I/O fencing prevents updates by failed
instances, and detecting failure and preventing split brain in cluster.
When a cluster node fails, the failed node needs to be fenced off
from all the shared disk devices or diskgroups. This methodology is called I/O
Fencing, sometimes called Disk Fencing or failure fencing.
·
Re-bootless node fencing (restart) - instead
of fast re-booting the node, a graceful shutdown of the stack is attempted.
·
Clusterware log directories: acfs*
·
HAIP (IC VIP).
·
Redundant interconnects: NIC bonding,
HAIP.
·
RAC background processes: DBRM – Database
Resource Manager, PING – Response time agent.
·
Virtual Oracle 11g RAC cluster -
Oracle 11g RAC supports virtualization.
Source: Internet
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